• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The target marking device (1) comprises a small-sized flying unit (2), said flying unit (2) being configured to fly at a low height and to be guided by guidance commands, said unit the flywheel (2) being provided with at least one sensor (4) capable of measuring at least one parameter of the environment, a data transmission unit (6) configured to transmit at least data relating to measurements made by the sensor (4) from the flying unit (2) and for receiving guidance commands at said flying unit (2), and at least one transmitter (9) capable of transmitting position information.
    公开号:FR3016690A1
    申请号:FR1400120
    申请日:2014-01-22
    公开日:2015-07-24
    发明作者:Alexandre KOTENKOFF；David Vigouroux；Antoine Vivares；Olivier Hebert；Arnaud DURANTIN
    申请人:MBDA France SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a target marking device and a target processing system comprising such a target marking device.
    [0002] In the context of the present invention, the term "treatment of a target" is understood to mean acting on this target, for example to neutralize it, destroy it, take it away, etc. Although not exclusively, the present invention applies more particularly to the military field and in particular the neutralization of a target, such as a tank for example, through at least one flying machine such as a missile in particular. Such a flying machine generally includes a set of onboard sensors for recognizing and analyzing the target, as well as means for neutralizing it. Although often very expensive, these sensors do not generally have a sufficient resolution to achieve an accurate acquisition of a target (or objective) when the flying vehicle moves at a very high speed, from a high altitude, or when the acquisition and analysis of the target must be several kilometers away. Moreover, in the case of a consumable-type flying machine (ie a flying machine that is no longer usable once its mission is fulfilled), it is not possible to collect information concerning the success of the mission and / or the consequences on the immediate environment of the target. Usually, to assign a flying machine to a target, there are several approaches: A / a usual first approach assumes that an operator is present near a target area where the target is located. This operator, thanks in particular to a laser pointer, must illuminate the target so that the flying machine can identify it and be guided towards the latter. The main drawbacks of this first approach are: - a difficulty of access by the operator to the objective zone; the loss of on-board sensors (especially optoelectronic sensors), when the flying machine is of consumable type; and problems of insufficient resolution of a sensor, when the flying machine and therefore the on-board sensor are still far from the target; and B / a second usual approach assumes that an operator is in the decision loop, although he may be at a significant distance from the target. In this case, the operator receives, via a data transmission link, images from a sensor on board the flying machine and can generate orders including guidance or activation according to the images received. The main disadvantages of this second approach are: - the loss of embedded sensors (especially optoelectronic), when the flying machine is consumable type; problems of insufficient resolution of a sensor, when the flying machine and thus the on-board sensor are still far from the target; and a low reaction time left to the operator when the flying machine is rapidly approaching the target. These customary target processing solutions are therefore not completely satisfactory. The present invention relates to a target marking device, which helps to remedy this disadvantage.
    [0003] For this purpose, according to the invention, said target marking device is remarkable, in that it comprises at least: a small flying unit, said flying unit being configured to fly at low height and to be guided to using guidance orders, said flying unit being provided with at least one sensor capable of measuring at least one parameter of the environment; a data transmission unit configured to transmit at least data relating to measurements made by the sensor from the flying unit and to receive guidance commands at said flying unit; and at least one transmitter capable of transmitting position information. Preferably, said flying unit flies at a height of less than fifty meters, and its size is smaller than that of a cube of twenty centimeters of sides.
    [0004] Thus, thanks to the invention, there is a target marking device provided with a flying unit which has a reduced size, allowing it to fly at low height without being spotted, which allows it to approach proximity of a target and therefore to be able to use low cost sensors, for example sensors (optical or infrared) with reduced resolution. In addition, thanks to the data transmission unit, allowing the flying unit to communicate with a remote station, an operator can receive data including the environment of the flying unit and send him guidance orders for guiding it, remotely, which allows the operator to shelter while being in the control loop. In a preferred embodiment, the flying unit is provided with at least one sensor capable of generating an image of at least part of the environment of the flying unit, and the data transmission unit is configured. to transmit said image to a display unit of said remote station. In addition, in a particular embodiment, the flying unit is provided with at least one of the following sensors: a thermal sensor; a sensor capable of generating an image (optical or infrared) of the environment; at least one sensor capable of analyzing one of the following parameters of the environment: a chemical parameter, a mechanical parameter (vibrations, etc.), and an electromagnetic parameter. Furthermore, in a first embodiment, said transmitter is fixed on said flying unit. Moreover, alternatively or additionally, the target marking device comprises an emitter which is removably mounted on the flying unit and is provided with at least one fastener element configured to attach said transmitter on a support (other than the flying unit). In a preferred embodiment, said transmitter is configured to emit a directional guide beam. In addition, advantageously, said flying unit comprises at least one central unit configured to process data and at least data received from said sensor. In an alternative embodiment, said central unit is able to automatically determine guiding orders used to guide the flying unit. Moreover, in a particular embodiment, said flying unit comprises a reception unit configured to receive electromagnetic signals, and a data management unit configured to manage (or process) electromagnetic signals received by said reception unit, which which makes it possible to create a guide chain from a plurality of such flying units, as specified below.
    [0005] In addition, in a particular embodiment, said flying unit is provided with activatable means capable of generating an explosion, triggered automatically or remotely by an operator in particular, to destroy for example a target (in particular a mine) in the vicinity of which or on which the flying unit is located.
    [0006] The present invention also relates to a target processing system. According to the invention, said target processing system comprises: at least one target marking device, such as the one mentioned above; and at least one autonomous flying machine, said autonomous flying machine comprising: position information detection means emitted by the transmitter of said target marking device; means for managing this position information with a view to guiding the flying machine; and means for processing a target.
    [0007] Thus, thanks to the target marking made using the flying unit, it is not necessary for the target-handling flying machine (or an operator) to transmit signals, in particular a target designation beam, for guiding said flying machine towards the target to be treated. The flying machine is thus very discreet. Moreover, he is completely autonomous.
    [0008] In a particular embodiment, said target processing system comprises a plurality of target marking devices, said plurality of target marking devices being able to communicate with one another in order to position themselves in space with respect to each other. others so as to create a guide chain for at least one autonomous flying machine. The target processing system according to the present invention can be implemented in different applications.
    [0009] In particular, in a first application: said target marking device is a marking device of a target to be neutralized, for example a tank; and - said autonomous flying machine is a missile intended to neutralize (destroy) this target.
    [0010] In addition, in a second application: said target marking device is a device for locating one or more persons in distress; and said autonomous flying vehicle is a rescue vehicle, preferably an emergency aircraft.
    [0011] The figures of the appended drawing will make it clear how the invention can be realized. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements. Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a target marking device which illustrates an embodiment of the invention.
    [0012] Figure 2 is a block diagram of a target processing system. Figures 3 and 4 show two different examples of signal transmission from a target. Figure 5 schematically illustrates a guide chain comprising a plurality of target marking devices. Figures 6 and 7 illustrate two possible applications of the invention. The device 1 shown schematically in Figure 1 and to illustrate the invention, is intended at least to mark a target. According to the invention, this target marking device 1 comprises: - a small flying unit 2, represented very schematically in FIG. 1. This flying unit 2 comprises usual means 3 (in particular lifting means (fixed wing, rotating wing, ...) and generating a forward force)), which are shown schematically and which are shaped to fly the flying unit 2. More particularly, as specified below, the flying unit 2 is formed so as to fly at low height, being guided by means of guiding orders. Said flying unit 2 is provided with a set 5 of sensor (s), comprising at least one sensor 4 specified below, which is able to measure at least one parameter of the environment; a data transmission unit 6 which comprises a transmission / reception element 7A. This transmitting / receiving element 7A is mounted on the flying unit 2 and is formed to emit and receive signals of the electromagnetic type (illustrated by a double arrow E in FIG. 1), in order to remotely transmit data (including data relating to measurements made by at least one sensor 4 of the assembly 5) from the flying unit 2 and to receive guidance commands at said flying unit 2. To do this, the the data transmission unit 6 furthermore comprises at least one other transmission / reception element 7B which is arranged for example at a remote station 8, in particular on the ground, and which is able to exchange, in the usual way, information with the transmitting / receiving element 7A mounted on the flying unit 2; and at least one transmitter capable of transmitting position information, via an electromagnetic signal, specified below and illustrated by a symbol S. The flying unit 2 preferably has the following characteristics: a flight altitude between 0 and 50 meters; - a size smaller than that of a cube of twenty centimeters of sides, that is to say of which: L <20cm, 1 <20cm, h <20cm (with L: length, I: width, h: height) ; and a distance of approaching the flying unit 2 with respect to an objective (target) which is situated between 0 meters (or direct contact) and 10 meters as the case may be.
    [0013] The target marking device 1 provided with the flying unit 2, which therefore has a reduced size making it possible to fly at low height without being marked, is thus able to approach (discreetly) near a target C and therefore to be able to use sensors 4 at reduced cost, for example (optical or infrared) sensors with reduced resolution. Moreover, thanks to the data transmission unit 6, allowing the flying unit 2 to communicate with a remote station 8, an operator (located at this station 8) can receive data, in particular data from the environment of the flying unit 2, and send him guidance commands to remotely guide it using an interface unit 10. This interface unit 10 comprises, for example, a unit of a display 10A provided with a screen and a data input unit 10B such as a computer mouse, a touchpad or a voice recognition unit, allowing an operator to enter data, including data to be transmitted 6. Thus, the operator can take shelter while being part of the decision loop, including control and guidance of the device 1. In fact, in this case, the operator can receive, via a link E of data transmission s, in particular images from a sensor 4 on board the flying unit 2, which are displayed on the display unit 10A, and it can generate orders including guidance or activation according to the images thus received . The commands can be transmitted to the flying unit 2 via the link E, either directly or indirectly via relays (for example other flying units 2). The miniaturization of the flying unit 2 (observation and acquisition) allows it to perform more easily at least some of the following functions, specified below: - approaching a target C; - observe a target C; - mark a target C; - guide ; - deliver an information ; and 30 - provide a mission report. For military applications in particular, miniaturization is of course essential in terms of discretion.
    [0014] In a preferred embodiment, the target tagging device 1 is part of a target processing system 12. The target processing system 12 comprises, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, at least one tagging device. target 1 such as that mentioned above, as well as at least one flying machine 13. This flying machine 13 is autonomous and comprises: - a detection unit 14 able to receive position information transmitted by the transmitter 9 of the marking device target 1, as a signal S; a management unit 15 formed in such a way as to manage (or process) in particular these position information (transmitted in the form of the signal S) with a view to guiding the flying machine 13; common means 16 (in particular levitation means (wing, fin, etc.) and means for generating a forward force (reactor, rotating wing, etc.), which are schematically represented and which are shaped to fly the flying craft 13; and means 17 for processing a target, namely usual means for, for example, destroying, neutralizing or removing the target C. Thus, thanks to a marking of a target C made by the flying unit 2 to With the aid of a transmitter 9, it is not necessary for the target-handling flying machine 13 (or an operator) to transmit signals, notably a target designation beam, for guiding said flying machine 13 to a target C to be processed. The flying machine 13 is thus very discreet and has a low cost. In addition, it is completely autonomous, because it uses only the signals S to guide the target C. In a particular embodiment, the flying unit 2 is provided with at least one of the sensors 4 (or means identification numbers): - a thermal sensor; a sensor capable of generating an image (optical or infrared) of the environment; a sensor capable of analyzing a chemical parameter (analysis of the chemical signature: paints, explosives, exhaust gases, human odors, etc.); a sensor able to analyze an electromagnetic parameter; and a mechanical type sensor (sonar, vibration detector or seismic detector). In a preferred embodiment, the flying unit 2 is provided with at least one sensor 4 capable of generating an image of at least part of the environment of the flying unit 2, and the transmission unit of data 6 is configured to transmit this image to the display unit 10A of the interface unit 10 located at the remote station 8, which allows a remote operator to see the environment of the flying unit 2 and especially a target C, and this both before and after the treatment of the target C.
    [0015] Moreover, the emission made by the transmitter 9 (and illustrated by a signal S in the figures) may have the following characteristics: a transmission range of at least 200 meters; a mode of emission: directional or omnidirectional, with a possible relay for the constitution of chains of communication. A communication chain notably makes it possible to increase the transmission range; - one of the following types of emission: laser, radio. In a first embodiment, said transmitter 9 is fixed on said flying unit 2. In this case, to mark a target C, for example a tank, the flying unit 2 lands directly on the target C, as shown in FIG. However, in this case, if the treatment of the target C consists of destruction of the latter, the flying unit 2 is also destroyed during this treatment. Alternatively or additionally, the target marking device 1 comprises a transmitter 9 which is removably mounted on the flying unit 2. This transmitter 9 is provided with at least one attachment element 18 configured to allow attaching said transmitter 9 to a support (other than the flying unit 2) and in particular to a target C, as illustrated in FIG. 4. In this last embodiment, the flying unit 2 lands on the target C and releases the transmitter 9, which is attached to the target C, by means of the attachment element 18. The flying unit 2 can then deviate from the target C, as shown in FIG. following a path 19), so as not to be reached during a treatment or destruction of the target C and / or to perform another mission. In particular, the flying unit 2 may comprise a plurality of transmitters 9 that it can place successively on different targets. The fastening element 18 for attaching (or hanging) the transmitter 9 on a target C and may comprise at least one of the elements: a chemical adhesive, a magnet, a suction cup, a mechanical fastener, etc.
    [0016] In addition, in a preferred embodiment, said transmitter 9 is configured to emit a directional guide beam S, in particular to facilitate the guidance of a flying vehicle 13 cooperating. Furthermore, said flying unit 2 comprises at least one central unit 20 configured to process data, and at least data received from at least one sensor 4 of said set 5. In a particular embodiment, said central unit 20 is capable of automatically determining guiding orders used by the means 3 to guide the flying unit 2. The flying unit 2 can thus be guided automatically without intervention or with a restricted intervention of an operator.
    [0017] Moreover, in a particular embodiment, said flying unit 2 also comprises a reception unit 21 configured to receive electromagnetic signals. This reception unit 21 may be able to receive signals: - such as S signals transmitted by a transmitter 9 of another flying unit 2 or 20 by a transmitter 9 placed on a target C; or other signals emitted from a flying unit 2, for example such as those E emitted by a transmitting / receiving element 7A or 7B. In the latter case, the reception unit 21 may be part of the data transmission unit 6. The reception unit 21 may also be part of an information transmission unit, intended solely for communication. between flying units 2, as illustrated by double arrows F in FIG. 5. In a particular embodiment, the flying unit 2 comprises a data management unit, which is, for example, part of the central unit. And which is configured to handle (or process) electromagnetic signals received by said receiving unit 21, thereby creating a guide chain 2 from a plurality of such flying units 2 (Fig. 5), as specified below. Furthermore, in a particular embodiment for destroying a target C such as a mine for example, said flying unit 2 is provided with activatable means 22 capable of generating an explosion. This explosion, which therefore aims to destroy a target C near which or on which the flying unit 2 is located, can be triggered: either automatically, for example as a function of measurements made by at least one sensor 4 of the set 5; or remotely by an operator, for example via the data transmission unit 6. As indicated above, the target processing system 12 comprises, as represented in FIG. 2, at least one target marking device. 1, such as that mentioned above, and at least one autonomous flying machine 13 15. The present invention therefore provides a function of assignment and recognition in a flying unit 2 controlled automatically or by an operator. This function is independent of the flying machine 13 in charge of delivering an effect or performing a mission. In other words, with the system 12 according to the invention, the role of observation and assignment on the one hand and the role of treatment of a target C on the other hand, are thus ensured by two separate physical vectors. The flying unit 2 can, in particular, perform the following tasks: identification of the target C (closer); Reliable designation of the target C until the terminal guidance; and depositing a marker (transmitter 9) on the target C, in a particular embodiment with a removable marker. The flying unit 2 transmits all the necessary information to the flying machine 13 (via signals S), so that the latter can carry out its mission. The flying machine 13 of autonomous type is guided blind by the flying unit 2.
    [0018] When the flying machine 13 has completed its mission, the flying unit 2 can carry out a mission report, for example by taking an image of the environment of the target using an appropriate sensor 4, and : - by sending it to a remote station 8 to display it on the display unit 10A, 5 which allows an operator at this post 8 deported to know immediately if the flying machine 13 has fulfilled his mission; and / or - recording it for later reading and processing. Other complementary use strategies of the present invention are also conceivable. In particular, several flying units 2 can be used to form a chain 23 for observation and guidance towards a final objective, each flying unit 2 thus providing a point of observation, then a waypoint, as shown in FIG. To do this, said target processing system 12 comprises a plurality of target marking devices 1. These target marking devices 1 are able to communicate with each other (as illustrated by arrows F in the figure 5), in order to position themselves in space with respect to one another so as to create a guide chain 23 for at least one autonomous flying machine (not shown), receiving signals S 20 successively from the different flying units 2 during of displacement along the guide chain 23. The target processing system 12 according to the present invention can be implemented in different applications. In a particular application relating to a military context, the present invention can be used for guiding a missile, especially at low cost. In this application: the autonomous flying machine 13 is a missile 13A, as represented by way of example in FIG. 6; and said target marking device 1 comprises a miniaturized aerial unit 2A for marking a target C, for example a building to be neutralized or a vehicle such as a tank as shown in FIG. 6.
    [0019] More specifically, the target marking device 1 comprises an observation and intelligence unit 2A which will perform, in particular, the following operations: recognizing the target C; - send the position to the missile 13A; and possibly performing a destruction check of the target C (in the case where the guidance is performed via a transmitter 9 placed on the target C, after a distance from the unit 2A). Another possible military application (not shown) relates to demining during a large-scale mission involving at least one convoy of land vehicles. Mines are known to be a significant threat to a convoy of land vehicles. They are, in particular, difficult to identify and their explosion reveals to the enemy the location of the convoy. The purpose of the application is to locate the mines upstream of the convoy 15 without detonating them. One or more target tagging devices 1 are responsible for identifying the mines and placing markers 9 near their position. The markers 9 emit a signal S to be easily identifiable by the convoy. Furthermore, in another application, the present invention may be implemented during natural disasters (earthquake, avalanche, ...) or accidents (explosions, ...) for example of industrial origin. It is known that often, in the event of natural disasters or certain industrial accidents in particular, rescuers have great difficulty in identifying the wounded, for example in rubble or in the snow. One or more wounded 24 can for example be under rubble 25, as illustrated very schematically in Figure 7, it is very difficult to identify the injured 24 flying over the disaster areas at high altitude. Another problem is sometimes having to deal with a large number of casualties simultaneously, which requires realizing priorities.
    [0020] In this context: - said target marking device 1 is a device for locating people in distress. More specifically, this device 1 comprises an air unit 1B in charge of exploring the area of the accident or disaster, to make a first diagnosis and to maintain a first contact with localized persons; and said autonomous flying vehicle 13 is a rescue vehicle, in particular an emergency aircraft such as an autonomous helicopter 13B which has the capacity to rescue the wounded, as illustrated in FIG. 7. The present invention, as described herein, above, has notably the following advantages: - it makes reliable the location, the identification and the assignment of a target C; it makes the guidance more reliable by providing a final objective (target C) and, possibly, much more precise points of passage; by physically separating the acquisition function from the function that processes the target C, it makes it possible to leave more time for the implementation of an observation and acquisition step; it makes it possible to reduce considerably the cost of the functional chain: because the expensive acquisition functions are deported in the flying unit 2 which can be reusable; and because by approaching much closer to the target C, the flying unit 2 (observation and acquisition) can use less expensive sensors; and 20 - it offers a flexibility of uses with respect to a vector that physically co-localizes all the different necessary functions.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Target marking device, characterized in that it comprises at least: - a flying unit (2) of reduced size, said flying unit (2) being configured to fly at low height and to be guided by means of guiding orders, said flying unit (2) being provided with at least one sensor (4) able to measure at least one parameter of the environment; a data transmission unit (6) configured to transmit at least 10 data relating to measurements made by the sensor (4) from the flying unit (2) and to receive guidance commands at said flying unit (2); and - at least one transmitter (9) capable of transmitting position information.
    [0002]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flying unit (2) is provided with at least one sensor (4) capable of generating an image of at least part of the environment of the unit. flying, and in that said data transmission unit (6) is configured to transmit said image to a display unit (10A) of a remote station (8). 20
    [0003]
    3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the flying unit (2) is provided with at least one of the following sensors (4): - a thermal sensor; a sensor capable of generating an image of the environment; At least one sensor capable of analyzing one of the following parameters of the environment: a chemical parameter, a mechanical parameter, and an electromagnetic parameter.
    [0004]
    4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said transmitter (9) is fixed on said flying unit (2). 30
    [0005]
    5. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said transmitter (9) is removably mounted on said flying unit (2) and is provided with at least one attachment element ( 18) configured to allow attaching said transmitter (9) to a support (C).
    [0006]
    6. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said transmitter (9) is configured to emit a directional guidance beam.
    [0007]
    7. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said flying unit (2) comprises at least one central unit (20) configured to process data and at least data received from said sensor (4).
    [0008]
    8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that said central unit (2) is able to determine automatically guiding orders used to guide the flying unit (2).
    [0009]
    Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said flying unit (2) comprises a reception unit (21) configured to receive electromagnetic signals, and a data management unit (20) configured to processing electromagnetic signals received by said receiving unit (21).
    [0010]
    10. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said flying unit (2) is provided with means (22) activatable capable of generating an explosion. 20
    [0011]
    11. Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said flying unit (2) has a size less than that of a cube of twenty centimeters of sides.
    [0012]
    A target processing system, characterized by comprising: - at least one target tagging device (1), such as that specified in any one of claims 1 to 11; and at least one autonomous flying machine (13), said autonomous flying machine (13) comprising: position information detection means (14) emitted by the transmitter (9) of said target marking device (1); means (15) for managing this position information with a view to guiding the flying machine (13); and means (17) for processing a target (C).
    [0013]
    13. System according to claim 12, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of target marking devices (1), such as that specified in claim 9, said plurality of target marking devices (1) being able to communicating with each other to position themselves in space relative to each other so as to create a guide chain (23) for at least one autonomous flying machine (13).
    [0014]
    14. System according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that: - said target marking device (1) is a marking device of a target to be neutralized; and said autonomous flying craft (13) is a missile (13A).
    [0015]
    15. System according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that: - said target marking device (1) is a device for locating at least one person (24) in distress and marking of its position ; and said autonomous flying craft (13) is a rescue vehicle (13B).
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    法律状态:
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1400120A|FR3016690B1|2014-01-22|2014-01-22|TARGET MARKING DEVICE AND TARGET PROCESSING SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A TARGET MARKING DEVICE|FR1400120A| FR3016690B1|2014-01-22|2014-01-22|TARGET MARKING DEVICE AND TARGET PROCESSING SYSTEM COMPRISING SUCH A TARGET MARKING DEVICE|
    SG11201605934WA| SG11201605934WA|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target marking device and target processing system comprising such a target marking device|
    RU2016133242A| RU2640680C1|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target marking device and target processing system containing such target marking device|
    PCT/FR2015/000005| WO2015110727A1|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target marking device and target processing system comprising such a target marking device|
    EP15290002.3A| EP2899491B1|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target-processing system comprising a target-marking device|
    ES15290002T| ES2783023T3|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target processing system comprising a target signaling device|
    CN201580008749.3A| CN106461361B|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target label device and the target processing system for including the target label device|
    US15/112,526| US10234252B2|2014-01-22|2015-01-07|Target marking device and target processing system comprising such a target marking device|
    IL246849A| IL246849A|2014-01-22|2016-07-20|Target marking device and target processing system comprising such a target marking device|
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